General characteristics of the KamAZ 740 engine series

KamAZ is a Soviet-Russian automobile manufacturing company founded in 1976. Initially, it specialized in the production of trucks with a carrying capacity of 8 to 20 tons. The first truck to roll off the assembly line was the KamAZ 5320. The KamAZ engine was also developed from scratch specifically for this truck. The best foreign representatives were taken as its basis.

This is interesting! The correct spelling is not KAMAZ, but KamAZ, which stands for Kamsky (Kam) Automobile Plant (AZ). Since the KamAZ 740 engine has become the main one for this model, the focus of the article will be on this particular brand of engine.

Note!

There were many options for the KamAZ 740 engine. They differ primarily in Euro standards.

The name of such engines is approximately this: “KAMAZ 740-210 (260) engine.” It’s not particularly easy to remember numbers, so people often hear such names as “KAMAZ Euro 2 (3.4) engine.”

Since there can be several KamAZ engines of the same European standard, the tables with technical characteristics will indicate the factory name.

General characteristics of the KamAZ 740 engine series

The first engine of this family is considered to be a simple KamAZ 740 V8 engine.

This is interesting!

In the engine designations in the future, you may come across various designations for engine types. So, the English letter V means V-shaped engine. This means that the cylinders are arranged in two rows and the angle between the rows is less than 90 degrees.

In an L-shaped engine, the cylinders are also arranged in 2 rows, but at an angle of approximately 90 degrees. The English letter R in the name indicates that the engine is in-line. That is, the cylinders are located next to each other. Powerful eight-cylinder engines often have a V-shaped structure, while ordinary passenger car engines have an R-shaped structure.

Initially, the KamAZ 740 engine had an engine capacity of 10,852 cm3, with a power of 210 horsepower. Only then did later modifications come out, which had a power range from 180 to 360 horsepower.

The use of diesel fuel in the engine was far from new for trucks. This is fully justified by lower fuel consumption, improved lubrication and increased power, but for a novice driver, familiarity with engines of this type will be new.

• Firstly, there is a significantly increased compression ratio. So, on a VAZ 2107 car the compression ratio is 8 units, and on this diesel engine as much as 17!
• This is also the absence of spark plugs, which is also at least unusual. The mixture in diesel engines ignites due to high pressure. Let's remember school physics. There are 3 interrelated parameters. Temperature, pressure and volume. Thus, with a decrease in volume, a sharp increase in pressure and temperature occurs. Based on this law, a diesel engine operates.

The history of the creation of the first KAMAZ engine - KAMAZ 740

The construction of KAMAZ, which began on December 13, 1969, led to an increase in activity at many USSR enterprises associated with the automotive industry.
Of course, a new complex of factories for the production of trucks was being built, so it was necessary to develop the equipment that these factories would produce. And this is not only a new truck, the prototype of which, as we all know, was designed by specialists from the legendary ZIL; but also a new engine, which will subsequently be assembled at the engine plant, which is part of KAMAZ. Work on prototypes of the new engine was carried out by designers from the Yaroslavl Motor Plant (YaMZ).

To be fair, we note that work on the new diesel engine, which soon became the first KAMAZ engine, began before it was decided to build KAMAZ - back in 1966. Then the plant in Yaroslavl received an assignment from the Minister of Automotive Industry of the Soviet Union to develop a new unit.

According to the technical specifications, the new engine had to have characteristics that would allow it to ensure the movement of a 30-ton road train at a speed of 100 km/h, not only on a flat road, but also when climbing a mountain. The resource of the new development was estimated at 8 thousand hours. This was 2 thousand higher than the resources of engines of foreign brands Ford and Bosch.

Before coming to the decision to place the camshaft on top, 18 samples with a lower location were made.

The YaMZ-641 engine, the cylinder size of which was 115 mm, was taken as the basis for the development of the new engine. This figure was increased to 120 mm, and the design of the motor itself was significantly redesigned. The volume increased from 9.5 to 10.85 liters, the weight increased from 640 to 730 kilograms, and the dimensions changed.

By the beginning of 1971, all the necessary work had been done so that the expert commission could finally approve the characteristics, layout and dimensions of the new product. After this, work began on the design documentation.

It was already developed by specialists from the Office of the Chief Designer of KAMAZ, who were sent to Yaroslavl. The new engine was labeled YaMZ-740, and in the mid-1970s it officially became known as KAMAZ-740.

Testing of the first assembled engine began on March 15, 1971. There was even a note about this event in the Izvestia newspaper dated March 31, 1917.

The Kamaz Museum stores reports on the test results that YaMZ chief designer G.D. Chernyshev regularly sent them to the USSR Ministry of Automotive Industry.

Source

Engine KamAZ 740

What advantages does it have over similar engines of other brands, both domestic and foreign:

• The design of the KamAZ engine makes it smaller than many domestic analogues and more reliable than foreign ones. This is a kind of “golden mean” between large, gluttonous, low-power and reliable engines of Soviet/Russian production and powerful, economical (in terms of a liter of fuel per horsepower), but not so reliable and durable.
• Another advantage of the engine is that it is quite easy to start in the cold season, since these KamAZ engines are equipped with a very powerful battery and starter, which are complemented by a cold engine warm-up system.

Buy a cylinder block for a KAMAZ 740 engine cheaply

If you have a very old KAMAZ and there is an urgent need to save money, you can buy a used KAMAZ 740 engine cylinder block. Our company carried out a full inspection and diagnostics. The part has been repaired and is ready for installation on the vehicle. The price of a KAMAZ cylinder block depends on the case and condition of the spare part, please check with our consultants for details.

The warranty on this part of the engine is 3 months.

What checks do we carry out?

The KAMAZ cylinder block is checked for cracks, journal integrity, scuffing and other defects.

Which blocks fail verification?

Technical characteristics of Euro class motors

• MOTOR KAMAZ EURO 0

The KamAZ Euro 0 engine is considered the very first engine of the family. The most famous motor of the 740 series. It is good and reliable. But its problem is its non-compliance with the latest European standards.

Table KamAZ engine Euro 0

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This is interesting: How to find out the history of a car by VIN code

• ABOUT THE KAMAZ EURO 2 ENGINE

More modern and modified Euro 2 KamAZ engines. The first KamAZ 740 engine is inferior to the Euro 2 engine, primarily due to the modern design of components and assemblies, as well as other European requirements.

A total of 4 Euro 2 class motor models were produced. All of them, along with detailed technical characteristics, are presented below in the tables.

Table Engine KamAZ Euro 2. Part 1

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Table Engine KamAZ Euro 2. Part 2

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• MOTOR KAMAZ EURO 3

KamAZ Euro 3 engines are basically a transitional link from Euro 2 and Euro 4 engines, so the article will not contain their detailed characteristics.

• MOTOR KAMAZ EURO 4

Table Engine KamAZ Euro 4

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• CUMMINS (KAMENS) KAMAZ ENGINE

Kamens engines are foreign engines installed on KamAZ trucks of our production. In terms of power characteristics, they are equal to the Russian 740, not inferior to the latter either in reliability or power.

At KamAZ, Kamens engines have established themselves as a worthy, albeit more expensive, alternative to the Russian engine, the legendary 740.

Engine KamAZ 740.30-260 (Euro-2)

Description and features:

Engine KamAZ 740.30-260 euro-2, 260 hp, four-stroke with compression ignition, liquid cooling, with a V-shaped arrangement of eight cylinders, with turbocharging and intercooling of the charge air (ONC) of the air-to-air type. V8 For single-disc clutch (KAMAZ Zf or 154 gearbox).
The engine is manufactured in two versions for different operating conditions “U” and “T”. In the “U” version according to GOST 15150-69, the engines are designed for operation at air temperatures from -45 to +40 ° C, relative air humidity up to 75%, located at an altitude of up to 3000 m above sea level with a reduction in power, economic and other indicators to 20%, with overcoming passes up to 4500 m. Engines in version “T” according to GOST 15150-69 are designed for operation at ambient temperatures from -10 to +45 ° C, relative air humidity up to 80% at a temperature of 27 ° C and in areas located at an altitude of up to 3000 m above sea level with a reduction in power indicators to 20%, with overcoming passes up to 4500 m.

Possible engine configurations 740.30 260

Full engine configuration - 740.30-1000400. Without attachments - 740.30-1000450. Article numbers of various modifications of the KAMAZ 740.30 engine: 740.30-1000400-05, 740.30-1000400-05, 740.30-1000400-08, 740.30-1000400-17, 740.30-1000400-34, 740.30- 1000400-49, 740.30-1000400-71, 740.30 -1000400-74, 740.30-1000400-76, 740.30-1000400-79, 740.30-1000400-85, 740.30-1000400-92, 740.30-1000402-54, 740.30-1000402-7 0, 740.30-1000402-71, 740.30-1000402 -90, 740.30-1000402-92, 740.30-1000412, 740.30-1000412-01, 740.30-1000412-08.

Technical characteristics of the KamAZ 740.30 260 engine

This engine has been widely used in production vehicles produced by KamAZ PJSC from 2005 to the present day. Engine KamAZ 740.30 with a power of 260 hp. was previously produced as a Euro 2 engine and was installed on many production KamAZ vehicles.

Applicability of power units with engines model 740.30-260 on KAMAZ vehicles

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Operating principle of the KamAZ 740 engine

This section will also be collective, since all engines of the 740 family have approximately the same operating principle:

• The main part of the engine is the cylinder block, which is made as a single monoblock and is a collective part on which all the main engine parts are attached.
• The crankshaft is located in the center, but with a significant shift downward. Below it is the crankcase, where the oil is located during idle times. You need to pour 26-28 liters of oil into the engine. This is exactly the volume of the crankcase. We will look at the oil change process below.
• The number of valves per cylinder is two. One inlet and one outlet. Otherwise, the operating principle of the engine is the same as other diesel engines.

This is interesting: Advice from experienced drivers

Powertrains 740

At the moment, the manufacturer is focused on unifying engines for all KamAZ trucks and increasing the level of environmental safety of the units.

The 740 engines are represented by V-shaped eight-cylinder models. By volume, KamAZ engines can be divided into two groups:

10.85 l

KamAZ engines with a volume of 10.85 liters are classified according to Euro standards:

• Euro-0: these are diesel engines 740.10 and 7403 with a power of 210 and 240 hp, installed on KamAZ models 5410, 54112, 5320, 55102, 5511.
• Euro-1: engines 740.11 and 740.13 with 240 and 260 hp. meet environmental standards and are suitable for almost all KamAZ models.
• Euro-2: this line of engines is represented by models 740.30 and 740.31 with a power of 260 hp. – universal for almost all KamAZ trucks.

11.76 l

This group includes high-power KamAZ engines of at least Euro-2 standard:

• Euro-2: engines for all KamAZ trucks are represented by models 740.50 and 740.51 - 360 hp. and 320 hp respectively.
• Euro-3: engines 740.60 (360 hp), 740, 61 (320 hp), 740.62 (280 hp), 740.63 and 740.37 (400 hp each).
• Euro-4: represented by the most powerful and modern units 740.70 (280 hp), 740, 71 (320 hp), 740.72 (360 hp), 740.73 (400 hp), 740.74 ( 420 hp), 740.75 (440 hp).

Maintenance of engines of the KamAZ 740 family

The KamAZ 740 engine is diesel and therefore it is very difficult to repair it at home, but some small things can be done. Such things include changing the coolant and oil.

Coolant replacement

Coolant must be replaced every 3-5 years depending on operating conditions. The need to replace the coolant is indicated primarily by the fact that the coolant itself has lost its original color and has become the color of dirty water.

The KamAZ 740 engine is filled with Tosol-A40 type coolant with a total volume of 25 liters.

You need to constantly monitor the coolant level. It is advisable to check this level every time you start the engine. This is done quite simply:

1. You just need to open a special tap on the expansion tank. If antifreeze begins to flow, then the level is normal. Close the tap and start the engine. If nothing flows from the tap, then you need to add coolant, and if nothing happens when adding, you need to check first the tap itself, and then the entire cooling system, coolant leaks are possible.
2. If there is a shortage of coolant, do not start the engine under any circumstances. Otherwise, not just antifreeze, but antifreeze with water will circulate in the cooling system. This can lead to destruction of the impeller and costly repairs overall.
3. If the fluid has leaked, but its condition leaves much to be desired, then it must be replaced. To do this, drain the liquid from the lower tap of the radiator, boiler and heater pump unit, and the cabin heater supply pipe.
4. After this, close all taps and fill the system with coolant.

Change of oil

Oil, like coolant, requires periodic replacement. The oil level is checked, as on all engines, with a special dipstick. The lubricant level should be about o.

Excess, just like less oil, is not advisable. If there is too little oil in the engine, then the wear of all engine parts will sharply increase, since they will run almost “dry”. It is better not to start an engine that does not have enough oil to avoid serious damage. It's best to find and add oil.

If this cannot be done, then reduce the load on it as much as possible. Remove excess cargo and unhitch the trailer. If this is also not possible, then it is better to wait for help. Driving a loaded car with this level of oil can lead to very serious consequences.

If the oil still needs to be changed:

• Warm up the engine to a temperature of 80-90 degrees Celsius;
• We turn off the engine;
• We unscrew the plug on the crankcase (photo below);
• We wait until the oil is completely poured out;
• We change filter elements;
• Wash the rotor of the centrifugal oil filter;
• Fill the oil through the special filler neck up to about on the dipstick;
• We start the engine and let it idle for 5-10 minutes;
• Turn off the engine, and after 5-10 minutes add oil to about on the dipstick;
• After this, the oil change process can be considered complete.

Characteristics of Kamaz-740

Malfunctions

If the engine does not start, see the table below:

KamAZ-740 malfunctions

1. Formation of cracks in the heads directly near the injectors. A similar malfunction often occurs on Euro-2 engines after a mileage of more than 100 thousand km. The problem is related to the design features of the cylinder head, and the defect was completely eliminated on Euro-3 engine heads.
2. Technical wear of liners. A similar problem is typical for Euro-3 engines, which must be inspected after every 50 thousand kilometers. In some cases, the liner rotates up to 100 thousand km.
3. Overheat. Most often, the cause is contamination of the radiator, problems with the operation of thermostats, and fluid couplings. Sometimes experts note faults in heads, liners, and ignition. As a result of overheating, the sleeves may crack.
4. The appearance of smoke: white smoke means the appearance of water in the tank, liquid entering the cylinders; blue smoke - oil entering the cylinders; black – problems are arising in the fuel system, setting up the fuel supply pump.
5. Extraneous noise and knocking. Often the fault is in injectors, poorly configured valves, ignition system, crankshaft, liners. In some cases, the pistons at the base of the piston pins may be incorrectly selected.
6. Troit. In this case, nozzles, tubes, spark plugs or filters must be checked.

On Euro-3 engines, the oil pump should be replaced every 150 thousand km, and power units based on Bosch electronics for Euro-2 do not react well to low temperatures: they may have trouble starting. Devices of the Euro-2 and Euro-3 categories often encounter a burst crankshaft. Euro-3 engines are protected from intense wear of valve guides.