The history of ZIL-431410 is closely connected with the Moscow Likhachev Automobile Plant. This enterprise was formed on the basis of repair shops in 1916. Several times the plant underwent major changes aimed at improving production. As a result of one of the global reconstructions, the ZIL-431410 family of trucks appeared. Production of the model lasted from 1957 to 1963.
The developers faced a serious task - to increase the quality of the product by increasing the operating life. Also, special attention was paid to modernizing the power plant in order to reduce smoke, noise and toxicity of exhaust gases and reduce fuel consumption.
ZIL-431410 became the founder of the most popular ZIL-130 family and was the prototype of this model. However, the car had its differences. During the development process, it became clear that the release of this modification would take a long time. The design of the model embodies the best qualities of its predecessors, accumulated over the long years of existence of the Likhachev plant. When creating the ZIL-431410, some solutions from the foreign automotive industry were also used. The truck was intended for mass production.
The car is based on a wooden platform with metal transverse base bars and folding side and rear sides. It also provided for the installation of an awning with a frame and extension sides. On the tractor, created on the basis of ZIL-431410, the side panel included two parts.
The Likhachev plant produced several modifications of the model:
- ZIL-431411 – “HL” version. The version was intended for use in areas with cold climates (up to minus 60 degrees);
- ZIL-431416 – export modification for countries with a temperate climate;
- ZIL-432317 and ZIL-431917 - modifications with shielded electrical equipment, exported to countries with tropical and temperate climates:
- ZIL-431417 – export version for countries with tropical climates;
- ZIL-431710 and ZIL-431610 – gas-cylinder vehicles operating on gasoline and compressed natural gas;
- ZIL-431810 is a gas-cylinder modification that runs on liquefied gas.
A full-fledged replacement for the ZIL-431410 appeared only in 1977. It was the ZIL-130-76 model. Later, an even more advanced version appeared - ZIL-130-80.
ZIL-431410
ZIL-431410 is a flatbed truck produced by the Likhachev Moscow Automobile Plant for over 40 years.
The vehicle is characterized by increased cross-country ability, which allows it to be used off-road and in difficult terrain. The design of the vehicle combines the best qualities of trucks of that time and the experience of foreign manufacturers. It is no coincidence that ZIL-431410 was chosen as the prototype of ZIL-130. The demand for the car continues to this day. This is due to the ease of maintenance, simplicity of design and low cost of ownership of the ZIL-431410. In terms of comfort, performance and efficiency, the model is inferior to modern analogues, but it performs its functions perfectly. At the same time, the model is no longer appropriate in modern urban traffic.
Initially, the ZIL-431410 was considered as a truck for the national economy and the army. Military versions received khaki cabs and were used to transport personnel and special cargo. Tanks for fuel, water, KUNGs and various weapons were mounted on the chassis. ZIL-431410 has also found application in the national economy. Special versions were used to move agricultural cargo, dump trucks were used to transport bulk cargo. Additional equipment allowed the truck to be used by municipal, city and emergency services. Versions were produced for work in hot and northern climates. Vehicles for military airfields and airports were also produced on the basis of the model.
Application
ZIL 157 in the army
A truck of such high cross-country ability was in great demand. Most of the trucks produced were supplied to the army. It was used with pleasure in logging organizations, in geology, and in agriculture (like the MAZ-5551).
By placing a fire truck at the ZIL 157 base, we received excellent equipment for fighting fire even in the most inaccessible places. Wide rear doors were designed especially for the PMZ-27 (that was the name of this fire truck) for the convenience of the firefighting team.
The cabin could be heated in winter and ventilated in summer - for cars of the sixties this was real progress. Fire hoses were stored in side compartments under massive hinged covers. The pump compartment cover with a glass window was located at the rear.
There was a finder headlight on the roof, and a spotlight on the right, next to the A-pillar. The signal was given using a pneumatic siren. The fire was extinguished with both water and foam, for the formation of which a special tank was provided.
There are also fire trucks based on ZIL-131. You can read about them here.
Trying to eliminate it, some fans replace the six-cylinder in-line engine with an engine from the diesel “Bychka” or “Belarus”, thus obtaining a ZIL 157 diesel. The costs of reconstruction are unlikely to be offset by fuel savings, but management and use will definitely become more complicated. This is a separate topic; the main thing here is the owner’s priorities.
ZIL 157 timber carrier
To this day you can see the Zil 157 timber carrier in operation. This is the real king of forest roads. Durable, passable, easy to operate. With its help, loggers develop territories with complex terrain and wetlands.
The use of the ZIL 157 car made an invaluable contribution to the development of the country's economy. Not many of these trucks have survived to this day, but they still exist. Most of it is for the personal use of individual entrepreneurs and small businesses.
There is even such a type of business as renting a car for extreme sports enthusiasts so that they can test the qualities of a truck in dangerous and difficult terrain. And this service is in quite wide demand. Some are attracted by nostalgic memories, while others are simply attracted by the thrill.
History of creation
ZIL-431410 is rightfully considered one of the main products of the Likhachev plant. The model became the basis of the ZIL-130 family. They started thinking about creating a new truck in the mid-1950s. Despite economic problems, a prototype was developed in the shortest possible time. Some technical solutions were borrowed from the ZIL-128 model, which by that time had passed a series of tests. In 1956, the first sample of ZIL-431410 was assembled at the plant.
The debut copies received a 6-cylinder ZIL engine. The tests took place over a period of 3 years, and as a result, the performance characteristics of the machine were confirmed. The car was ready for mass production, but its launch was somewhat delayed. During this period, the model received an 8-cylinder engine. Since the appearance of the first batch, the ZIL-431410 design has been modified. Soon mass deliveries of the vehicle to the Soviet army began. Special add-ons were installed on the chassis to allow specific tasks to be performed. At the same time, versions for use on the farm appeared.
For the early 1960s, the car became revolutionary. Modern design and powerful unit made it possible to cope with tasks of increased complexity. Currently, production of the ZIL-431410 series has been stopped, but the machine continues to be used in agriculture and certain areas of urban agriculture.
It is noteworthy that in 1986 the ZIL-130 model was assigned the index ZIL-431410, adding a number of design changes. As a result, the car managed to survive the manufacturing plant, where its production ceased in 1994. In the Urals, production of the series ended only in 2014.
Modifications and analogues
ZIL-431410 became the basis for a huge number of modifications, which were divided into several groups:
- chassis and trucks with a long wheelbase: ZIL-431510, ZIL-431511, ZIL-431512, ZIL-431513;
- dump truck versions: MMZ-45021, MMZ-4505, MMZ-450506, MMZ-450507, MMZ-555;
- chassis: ZIL-495810, ZIL-495816, ZIL-495817, ZIL-495710;
- truck tractors: ZIL-441510, ZIL-441610, ZIL-441516, ZIL-441517;
- chassis and vehicles with shielded electrical equipment: ZIL-431917, ZIL-431919, ZIL-432317;
- export vehicles for operation in tropical and temperate climates: ZIL-431416, ZIL-431417, ZIL-431418, ZIL-431516, ZIL-431517, ZIL-431518 and others;
- modifications for the Far North: ZIL-431411, ZIL-4314121, ZIL-495711;
- chassis for special superstructures: ZIL-431412;
- gas cylinder versions: ZIL-431610, ZIL-431612, ZIL-431613, ZIL-431710 and others.
Cars that are similar to the model include:
Modifications
When the ZIL 130 was launched into mass production, it was planned to produce only six modifications of the base model. However, the car turned out to be so successful and in demand that the total number of production and prototype models produced at various production sites exceeds seven dozen units. The main modifications of ZIL 431410 include:
- ZIL 431510 is a vehicle-tractor for transporting low-density and long cargo. Differs from the base car in the increased wheelbase and dimensions of the platform and driveshaft;
- ZIL 441510 – truck tractor, for operation as part of a road train. It has a shortened base, one driveshaft, and two fuel tanks with a total volume of 250 liters;
- ZIL 431810; ZIL 431610; ZIL 441610 – vehicles with installed gas equipment for operation on gas. Designed for the same types of work as basic modifications running on gasoline. They are not equipped with pre-heaters. The gasoline fuel supply system is provided as a backup.
Almost all modifications were equipped with gasoline carburetor engines. Starting in 1987, production of the ZIL 4331 was launched, which was the successor to the ZIL 431410. The new car received a diesel power plant of its own design, the ZIL-645. Some ZIL 4331 vehicles were equipped with Minsk diesel engines of the D-245 series. However, the diesel engine was installed only on a small number of cars produced. The bulk of the modifications still had a gasoline engine, which was not particularly economical.
The design of the ZIL 130 car initially included modernization possibilities. The machine was not only constantly improved, but also became the basis for the creation of machines at other machine-building enterprises. On cars in Novouralsk, Sverdlovsk region, ZIL 431410 was produced from 1992 to 1998. Subsequently, some components and mechanisms were used in AMUR 53131 trucks, which are essentially a diesel, deeply modernized version of the 130th model.
Specifications
Dimensions:
- length – 6675 mm;
- height – 2400 mm;
- width – 1800 mm;
- turning radius – 9000 mm.
The curb weight of the car is 4175 kg, the total weight is 11500 kg. The lifting capacity of the equipment is 6000 kg, the maximum weight of the towed trailer is 8000 kg. The car is capable of accelerating up to 90 km/h, and as part of a road train – up to 80 km/h. The car reaches speed of 60 km/h in 37 seconds.
The braking distance is 25 m, in a road train it is 26.5 m. The model can overcome slopes of 31%.
The basic configuration uses 260R508 wheels.
Engine
The ZIL-431410 is equipped with a modernized ZIL-508.10 unit with new screw inlet ports, a cylinder head and a reduced size of the combustion chambers. A-76 gasoline is used as fuel. The engine is reliable and unpretentious; it is no coincidence that when creating the more advanced ZIL-4331 and ZIL-130, this element remained the same.
The motor has a combined lubrication system with a substance supplied under pressure or splashing. The design uses 2 filters: fine and coarse. The filters are located in one housing. The cleaning system operates on the principle of a centrifuge. The ZIL-508 uses a forced-type ventilation system. For exhaust gases, an exhaust pipe installed in the engine is used. Exhaust gases are released into the air through it.
The unit is cooled using antifreeze. The liquid barrel has a capacity of 8.5 liters. During constant use, it is recommended to change the oil annually (for areas with temperatures not lower than 30 degrees). For cold areas, special oil is used.
Characteristics of the ZIL-508.10 engine:
- working volume – 6 l;
- power – 150 hp;
- maximum torque – 401.8 Nm;
- compression ratio – 6.5;
- number of cylinders – 8 (V-shaped arrangement);
- specific fuel consumption – 26-29 l/100 km;
- Fuel tank capacity – 170 l.
Technical characteristics of ZIL-431410 and its differences from the previous ZIL-130
Engine ZIL-508.10; its power and ignition systems
ZIL-431410 was equipped with an improved ZIL-508.10 engine with a new cylinder head (130-1003012-20); with screw intake ducts and a reduced volume of combustion chambers, as a result of which the compression ratio was increased to 7.1. The fuel remained the same - low-octane gasoline A-76.
The same engine, by the way, remained the main one for the ZIL-4331, the successor to the ZIL-130 and ZIL-431410. Despite the “Napoleonic” plans to make the ZIL-4331 the founder of a new family of modern, economical diesel trucks.
New K-88AT carburetors, VM-21 air filters and ignition distributors 46.3706 began to be installed on the car. Some ZIL-431410 trucks were equipped with a K-90 carburetor with an electronically controlled automatic control system for a forced idle economizer. In this carburetor, the supply of fuel to the channels of the idle system was regulated by electromagnetic valves controlled by an electronic control unit.
The control unit received signals from the crankshaft speed sensor, which was used as an ignition distributor, the throttle valve angular position sensor and the coolant temperature sensor, according to which it issued commands to turn on the valves. The system was activated in forced idle mode (during engine braking).
In addition, this engine was equipped with a closed crankcase ventilation system, which completely eliminated the release of crankcase gases into the environment. Therefore, the crankcase ventilation filter, located in the oil filler neck, was removed from use, from now on equipped with a blind cap. Purified air entered the crankcase through the neck through a hose connected to the engine air filter.
Instead of 3 or three compression rings on the pistons of the ZIL engine, they began to install 2 made of high-strength alloy cast iron (the upper one is chrome-plated). The filler (inspection) hole in the upper part of the main gear housing of the two-stage rear axle was eliminated, and its role began to be played by the inspection hole in the rear crankcase cover. A significant percentage of cars have begun to be equipped with a contactless ignition system.
Characteristics of the ZIL-508.10 engine
- Number of cylinders – 8; valves – 16;
- Working volume – 6 liters;
- Cylinder diameter 100 mm. The piston stroke is 95 mm.
- Maximum power, at 3,200 rpm – 150 hp. With.
- Compression ratio: 7.1.
- Maximum torque: 402 N•m, at 1800-2000 rpm.
Multi-circuit braking system
Since 1986, a multi-circuit braking system began to be installed on the entire line of trucks of the ZIL-431410 family. True, cars with a conventional single-circuit system continued to be produced in parallel. But this circumstance in no way affected the indexation of ZIL trucks.
Tank truck based on ZIL-431410. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug.
It’s just that on models with a conventional brake system, a conventional instrument panel of the KP204 type was still installed, and the ZIL-431410 with a new multi-circuit brake drive (MTP) was equipped with a new instrument panel, type 12.3805, with a set of corresponding indicators and switches.
On the ZIL-431410, a reinforced rear wheel brake caliper was introduced with the simultaneous removal of one of the mounting bolts; The rear axle has differential cups made of high-strength ferritic cast iron of the HF/42-12 grade with increased mechanical properties.
Further innovations at the turn of the 80s/90s
In the ZIL-431410 modification, the installation of the right cab step with a hatch for access to the air cylinder of the service brake system began. Since 1987, the cabin ventilation hatch was eliminated, recognizing its operation as ineffective, and in its place there was simply a stamping. In the same year, a new fine fuel filter was introduced to the model - increased performance, with ceramic or paper filter elements.
In 1989, together with the rear lights FP-130 and FP-130-B, they began to install lights 353.3716 (left) - with a diffuser for illuminating the license plate and 352.3716 (right).
The central section of the left lights 353.3716 with two A-12-5 lamps, a red diffuser and a built-in red reflector was intended to indicate dimensions; the left one with an A-12-21-3 lamp and an orange lens - to indicate turns, the right one with an A-12-21-3 lamp and a red lens - as a signal to turn on the brakes. The right light sections 352.3716 were positioned in a mirror image with the left ones.
ZIL-431410, running on gas, in Yakutia...
In the same year, the TS101-A thermostats were replaced by new direct-acting thermostats of the TS108-04 brand. The brake valve now used an adjusting bolt with a lock nut instead of an adjusting screw.
The design and attachment points of the platform mudguards were changed: instead of straight mudguards, which were placed at an oblique angle to the floor of the ZIL-130 body and attached to its cross members, similar ones were introduced, but attached to the base of the platform and with a section perpendicular to it in their upper part. On cars of recent years of production, plastic semicircular platform mudguards were installed. The bolts of the struts and platform fittings with M10 threads were replaced with M8 bolts.
In the multi-circuit brake drive, a new single safety valve was introduced, with parts unified with those used in the triple safety valve. And since 1990, on cars with MTP, the push-button brake valve for emergency brake release has been moved from the dashboard to the cabin floor, on the left side of the driver’s seat. In the same year, stamping along the contour of the plates began to be carried out in the B-10 gasoline pump. This made it possible to improve the tightness of the valves and increase the reliability of the gasoline pump. They began installing scraper-type compression rings on the compressor pistons to significantly reduce oil loss in the engine lubrication system.
Device
The ZIL-431410 body is based on a wooden platform, the strength of which is increased due to transverse metal beams. For onboard versions, an awning is used to protect from precipitation and wind. The sides of the car (except for the front) open outwards. The machine has a hood layout.
The front suspension consists of 2 semi-elliptical springs, complemented by shock absorbers. The rear suspension is made according to a fundamentally different design. Especially for it, various springs were added to the design, divided into groups: main and additional. The axles are equipped with wheels with 8 studs, made according to the disc principle.
To control the machine, a mechanical 5-speed transmission is used with synchronizers at 2, 3, 4 and 5 speeds (5 forward gears, 1 reverse gear). The design uses a single-plate friction clutch equipped with peripheral springs and a mechanical release drive. The main gear is a double gear with a spur and helical pair or a single hypoid gear. The design of the cardan transmission has an intermediate support.
The car has 2 types of brake mechanisms: shoe and drum. To stop on a slope, a parking brake is used, operating from a pneumatic drive. The brake system also includes a spring energy accumulator. In addition to the 3 main brakes, a spare brake is used (used when primary devices break down).
The ZIL-431410 electrical system is designed for 12 V. The source of electricity is a 6ST-90EM battery. The system also contains a TK102-A type switch and a ST230-K1 starter.
The car is equipped with a metal cabin with heating equipment. A large split-type windshield guarantees good visibility of the road, although the voluminous fenders and massive hood make it somewhat difficult. Wipers and washers are used to clean it. The cabin is designed for a driver and 2 passengers. The driver's seat is adjustable in 3 positions (height, length, backrest angle), allowing you to choose the optimal position. Passengers are provided with a combined sofa that cannot be adjusted. There are ventilation holes in the ceiling. To increase driving comfort, there is a hydraulic booster that makes it easier to turn the steering wheel.
The cabin interior features 20th-century elements. There is practically no plastic here, everything is made of metal. However, the finishing is done with high quality, and the workplace is quite comfortable.
To work in the dark, FG2-A2 headlights are used, operating on low or high beam. The lighting equipment includes turn signals, taillights and clearance lights. A socket is installed on the rear frame, which is used to operate the trailer lighting devices. A modern fifth wheel device is used to operate the trailer.
Description of design
Cabin ZIL-157
The external design of the ZIL-157 bears little resemblance to the ZIS-151. Only the cockpit was borrowed, but it and most other aspects of the car were redesigned. Taking into account the military order for these trucks, all changes were made to increase the simplicity, reliability and cross-country ability of the vehicle. At the same time, it received a slightly longer nose and wide, flat fenders with round headlights protected by a metal grille.
Cabin
When developing the cabin, the shortcomings of previous models were taken into account - hard seats, lack of heating, poor ventilation. As a result, the chairs became softer and their position could be adjusted. Shortened bipods made it possible to reduce the force of impacts on the hands, and telescopic shock absorbers made the ride smoother. A water heating system with windshield blowing was also added.
Body
The body of the ZIL 157 was a wooden platform with a longitudinal metal frame that protected it from abrasion. Only the front side was fixedly fixed, the other three were opened.
Chassis and wheels
The control of the ZIL-137 truck was based on five cardan shafts:
- intermediate between the transfer case and the gearbox;
- to the front axle;
- to the middle bridge;
- two shafts for the rear axle.
The cardan shafts on the rear axles were attached to the middle one with an intermediate bearing unit. High-strength casings were provided for the drive axles. Synchronizers were installed between the second and third, as well as the fourth and fifth stages.
The truck's wheels were single-pitch, with inflated tires 12.00-18, secured with eight studs. A centralized tire pressure adjustment system was used, all at once or separately. The compressor made it possible to continue driving even with minor tire damage, but in this case the speed should not exceed 10 km/h.
Transmission
Given the presence of five driveshafts, the ZIL-157 transmission is quite complex. The manual transmission had five forward speeds and one reverse. The fifth was considered increasing, but already in 1961 the designers abandoned it. The transfer case was borrowed from the ZIS-151, but received improvements in the form of durable gears, improved oil seals and forced engagement when necessary.
Motor
Testing the driving properties of the ZIL-157 truck
The power plant on the ZIL-157 was made taking into account the shortcomings of previous generations of these trucks. The engines used consumed a lot of fuel, had a low durability life and often overheated during prolonged operation.
In the context of these aspects, the truck received a new six-cylinder liquid-cooled engine. The head production process has been changed; the use of aluminum alloy has reduced the compression ratio by 0.2 units. Power 104 hp was achieved at 2600 rpm.
To prevent engine overheating, a new radiator with a six-blade fan is used. The ventilation scheme has been completely revised and is designed as a closed crankcase. The oil seals also received a new design, which improved the operation of the oil pump and the entire lubrication system.
Tuning
The simplicity and reliability of the ZIL-157 attracted many designers trying to improve or modernize this car. It was not only about external changes, but also about technical aspects.
One of the key disadvantages of the car is the lack of hydraulic power steering. Most often, technical tuning of a truck implied precisely this improvement. It provided the car with better handling.
In ZIL 157, technical tuning usually means changes in the carburetor, chassis, and transmission. If desired, the owners could replace the engine with a D245-12S diesel engine. This option was allowed due to the similarity of dimensions and the undemanding nature of major changes in the design. However, in this case, shaking occurred while driving, which is why the ZIL 157 with a diesel engine was never mass-produced.
Another direction of tuning is increasing the comfort of the cabin. Seat upholstery, noise and heat insulation, modification of the dashboard, and other aspects - all this allows you to improve the car for the convenience of the driver and passengers.
Device
The truck is built on a frame chassis equipped with towing devices at the front and rear. The front beam of the 2-T axle is mounted on springs with additional shock absorbers. The steering mechanism is equipped with a hydraulic booster. The rear axle is equipped with longitudinal springs with additional springs.
The trucks used a multi-circuit braking system (MTP), some of the vehicles came with a single-circuit drive. Both options are equipped with drum-type mechanisms installed on all wheels. The compressed air is supplied by a 2-cylinder compressor installed on the engine.
The MTP system consists of separate circuits for the front and rear axles. There is an additional circuit for driving the parking mechanism and trailer brakes. A separate pipeline is laid to supply air to other consumers. An emergency brake release circuit is also installed.
Simplified brakes include only 1 circuit, which acts on both axles. A drum parking brake is installed on the secondary shaft of the gearbox. The system includes 2 receivers, while on machines with MTP there are 4 air tanks installed.
The power unit was a 150-horsepower 8-cylinder engine with a cylinder capacity of 6.0 liters, equipped with a 2-chamber carburetor with a falling mixture flow.
There are engines with an electronic idle speed system control controller. The fuel supply is located in a 170-liter tank mounted on the side of the frame side member. Fuel is supplied by a mechanical pump. The motor is equipped with a single-disc clutch mechanism, the control drive is mechanical, and the design does not provide an amplifier.
The ignition system on trucks built after 1990 is equipped with a microprocessor controller. The power unit is equipped with various sensors that determine the position of the throttle valves, coolant temperature and a number of other parameters.
Some trucks were equipped with a gas-cylinder power system. Two engine options were used with a displacement of 6.0 and 7.0 liters, which developed power of 120 and 140 hp. respectively. The gas supply is stored in 50-liter cylinders installed under the cargo platform. There was a small tank for gasoline, which was used as backup fuel. There was a version for running on liquefied gas, which was in 1 or 2 cylinders with a capacity of 225 or 117.5 liters. The evaporator was installed under the hood, and there were additional control devices in the cabin.
Winch for GAZ 66
The main task of the winch on the GAZ 66, like any other automobile winch, is self-pulling, and for many modifications of this model, they were installed standard with a mechanical drive.
Preference was given to mechanics due to the reliability of the components and the almost complete absence of breakdowns. The only part that is highly vulnerable is the cable. But if you do not exceed the maximum permissible load by more than twice, it will last a long time without breaking. An important advantage of the winch on the GAZ-66 (colloquially shishiga) is its high moisture and dirt resistance - it is capable of continuous operation in various weather conditions.
Technical characteristics of a standard mechanical winch for Gas 66
- Maximum load - 4500 kg (provided the cable is completely unwound)
- Traction force - 3000 kg (rope in coiled state)
- Gear ratio - 1:24
- Rope dimensions - Length 50 m, Diameter Ø ± 14 mm
- Mechanical drive (from power take-off)
- Control by lever inside the driver's cab
- Winch weight - 120 kg
The device is installed on the front of the car frame. The winch is driven by a power take-off (PTO), mounted on the transfer case, through a driveshaft and axle.
It should be noted that such a winch can be mounted not only on the “sixty-sixth”. In this configuration and without modifications, it can be mounted in a horizontal position on the following models: GAZ3309, 3308 “Sadko”.
The very principle of operation of the winch is almost no different from similar mechanical devices. Winding and unwinding of the cable occurs exclusively while the car engine is running. An important advantage over the electrical circuit is the speed of operation (it is an order of magnitude higher).
Winch components for GAZ 66
- Metal cable
- Drum
- Regrinding mechanism housing
- A gear pair consisting of a shaft and a gear, with a gear ratio of 1:24
- Automatic brake
- Clutch (cam) containing a connection plug
- Safety finger
The design of the transmission mechanism is very similar to the steering gear - in order to lubricate the working surfaces of the rubbing parts (worm pair), oil is poured into the crankcase. The automatic brake is activated when the safety pin is cut off and stops the rotation of the drum to avoid serious damage.
Important:
1. Never use homemade items (such as bolts) to replace a safety pin that has been cut off. An object can be an order of magnitude stronger than a finger, which is designed to withstand a certain load. And this will invariably lead to the winch being out of working condition.
2. Do not allow the cable to completely rewind on the drum. Leave 3-4 turns of cable. Otherwise, the load on the cable fastenings will increase, which will lead to its breaking in this place.
3. Unwind the cable manually.
4. Don’t forget to press the pawl hinge on the lever. Since the PTO is controlled by a lever from the driver’s cab, this is necessary to prevent its accidental activation
Specifications
Technical characteristics of the ZIL-431410 car:
- weight of the fueled car (without driver) - 4380 kg;
- permitted gross weight - 10605 kg;
- load capacity - 6000 kg;
- permissible trailer weight (equipped with brakes) - 8000 kg;
- length of the onboard version - 6675 mm;
- width (measured along the sides of the platform) - 2500 mm;
- height (with standard sides) - 2400 mm;
- ground clearance - 275 mm;
- turning radius (at the bumper angle) - 8.9 m;
- maximum speed (with full load) - 90 km/h;
- Gasoline consumption (factory measured at 60 km/h) - 25.8 liters per 100 km.
Manual
The operating instructions establish the following maintenance intervals:
- every 4000 km, carry out work in accordance with the TO-1 regulations;
- every 16,000 km, perform a set of TO-2 works.
A deviation during maintenance of 500-1000 km is allowed. It is also planned to carry out seasonal maintenance (autumn and spring), which consists of replacing process fluids. Before preparing for winter operation, you should drain the sediment from the fuel tanks and disconnect the oil cooler from the engine lubrication circuit. If the cooling system is filled with water, then it is replaced with a liquid like Tosol 40 or 65, which has a service life of 2 years.
Frequency of maintenance of mounted units (with overhaul and replacement of worn parts):
- fluid supply pump to the hydraulic booster - 90 thousand km;
- starter and compressor of the pneumatic system - 100 thousand km;
- generator - 150 thousand km.
When operating a truck in difficult conditions at temperatures below -30°C, you should adhere to the following rules:
- use motor and transmission oil suitable for use in the Far North;
- fill the cooling system with antifreeze liquid;
- Before starting to drive, warm up the engine and components from external heat sources;
- until the transmission is completely warmed up, move at a speed of 5-8 km/h;
- when accelerating, avoid jerks and sudden gear changes;
- cover the radiator and battery box with a heat-insulating cover;
- when parked overnight, take the battery into a warm room;
- use wheel chocks to keep the truck parked;
- After a trip, drain the condensate from the brake system receivers.
ZIL-431410
The history of ZIL-431410 is closely connected with the Moscow Likhachev Automobile Plant. This enterprise was formed on the basis of repair shops in 1916. Several times the plant underwent major changes aimed at improving production. As a result of one of the global reconstructions, the ZIL-431410 family of trucks appeared. Production of the model lasted from 1957 to 1963.
The developers faced a serious task - to increase the quality of the product by increasing the operating life. Also, special attention was paid to modernizing the power plant in order to reduce smoke, noise and toxicity of exhaust gases and reduce fuel consumption.
ZIL-431410 became the founder of the most popular ZIL-130 family and was the prototype of this model. However, the car had its differences. During the development process, it became clear that the release of this modification would take a long time. The design of the model embodies the best qualities of its predecessors, accumulated over the long years of existence of the Likhachev plant. When creating the ZIL-431410, some solutions from the foreign automotive industry were also used. The truck was intended for mass production.
The car is based on a wooden platform with metal transverse base bars and folding side and rear sides. It also provided for the installation of an awning with a frame and extension sides. On the tractor, created on the basis of ZIL-431410, the side panel included two parts.
The Likhachev plant produced several modifications of the model:
- ZIL-431411 – “HL” version. The version was intended for use in areas with cold climates (up to minus 60 degrees);
- ZIL-431416 – export modification for countries with a temperate climate;
- ZIL-432317 and ZIL-431917 - modifications with shielded electrical equipment, exported to countries with tropical and temperate climates:
- ZIL-431417 – export version for countries with tropical climates;
- ZIL-431710 and ZIL-431610 – gas-cylinder vehicles operating on gasoline and compressed natural gas;
- ZIL-431810 is a gas-cylinder modification that runs on liquefied gas.
Description of the onboard vehicle
The presented model of an onboard vehicle was designed based on the technical characteristics of the ZIL 130 family of trucks, distinguished by a new-fangled design and a powerful 8-cylinder engine in the 60s of the last century.
ZIL 130
The main responsibility of the updated equipment was the replacement of the main model range of all-wheel drive army vehicles ZIS-151 and its universal modification ZIL 157, which with their main characteristics were vaguely reminiscent of the construction and design of American military prototypes.
They were issued by the United States and the Soviet Union as part of allied support in the fight against Nazi Germany. By the middle of the 19th century, cargo vehicles were completely outdated and no longer met all the necessary requirements of the armed forces of the USSR.
The video shows the history of the ZIL-130, based on the characteristics of which the ZIL-431410 was created.
The question of the development, construction and subsequent large-scale production at the universal facilities of ZIL of a line of unified trucks for army needs and the resolution of various kinds of civil issues occurred at the end of the 50s of the last century. Surprisingly, work on the production of a new model of equipment was in full swing.
The explanation for the high efficiency of the work was the successfully completed tests of certain elements of the experimental ZIL 128 vehicles. And finally, at the end of 56 of the same century, the first sample of the ZIL 431410 truck was developed, which was equipped with a powerful in-line 6-cylinder engine.
After 3 years, the newly introduced device of the domestic automobile industry successfully passed a number of tests at the factory and state levels and showed itself only from the best side.
The all-wheel drive truck features a standard hood layout with a V-shaped carburetor 8-cylinder engine. The designers also equipped the mechanism with a special device that allows you to disable the functioning of the front axle. The rear axle remained operational.
5-speed gearbox
Characteristic features of the car are an oil-foam air filtration system, a five-speed gearbox equipped with a special synchronizer and a two-stage transfer case, as well as a dry-type single-plate clutch. The truck is controlled using a hydraulic booster.
Some time after the release of the first batch of ZIL 431410, a number of vehicle modifications were made regarding electrical equipment without monitors, truck tractors were improved, and significant changes were made to improve the performance of the diesel engine.
The use of the presented model of equipment and its various modifications for military purposes deserves more attention.
Based on the vehicle, a whole line of combat and special vehicles was designed and put into service, among which there are combat prototypes equipped with rocket artillery, standard minelayers, air defense systems, fuel tankers, a fire truck, as well as other devices.
Starting from the mid-90s of the last century to the beginning of the 00s of this century, car production was redirected to the conveyor facilities of the Ural Automobile Plant (UAZ).
Now the presented model of the device is not produced at all. But on the streets of almost every city, especially villages, towns and urban settlements, you can often see this truck, which symbolically once became a distinctive feature of the era of the Soviet Union.
Specifications
ZIL-431410 has a four-by-two wheel shape.
Vehicle weight characteristics:
- total weight – 10400 kg;
- permissible load on the rear axle – 2170 kg;
- permissible load on the front axle – 2005 kg;
- curb weight of the vehicle – 4175 kg;
- load capacity – 6000 kg.
Speed parameters of ZIL-431410:
- maximum speed – 90 km/h;
- maximum speed in a road train is 80 km/h;
- run-out from 50 km/h – 750 m;
- acceleration time to 60 km/h – 37 seconds;
- braking distance at a speed of 50 km/h – 25 m;
- braking distance at a speed of 50 km/h as part of a road train – 26.5 m;
- maximum climbability - 31%;
- the maximum climbable grade in a road train is 16%.
The minimum turning radius of the truck is 8900 mm.
Engine
ZIL-431410 is equipped with an 8-cylinder 4-stroke gasoline engine of the ZIL-508.10 model, which includes an economizer, a K-90 carburetor and a VM-21 air filter. The unit is liquid cooled. The water pump is used to circulate the coolant. During operation, gases end up in a special intake pipeline of the engine.
The unit is lubricated by splashing. Since pressure lubrication is used, this system belongs to the combined category. The engine includes several filters (for coarse and fine cleaning) located in one housing. Fine cleaning operates on the principle of a centrifuge.
Parameters of the ZIL-508.10 unit:
- working volume – 6 l;
- rated power – 150 hp.
Device
The ZIL-431410 platform is made of wood and is the basis of the body. To give it strength, it is supplemented with special cross bars made of durable metal. The truck has folding sides (rear and side). Additionally, you can install a frame with an awning on it and increase the height of the body using special devices. The side walls on this machine are divided into several parts. Design solutions when creating the model were borrowed from Ford products, which had a positive effect on the appearance of the truck. It features an alligator hood and sleek lines.
The car's cabin is made of metal and seats three people, including the driver. The motor is located in the front. The seats are adjustable in three positions, providing increased operator comfort. The driver's seat has additional settings. The cabin is also equipped with a windshield wiper with a special device that allows you to wash the glass, two brushes and a heater. There is an opening for ventilation hatches on the roof of the cabin. The interior has a new instrument panel, in which some of the switches have been updated. The ZIL-431410 steering system includes a built-in hydraulic booster with an oil pressure of 65-75 kgf/sq. cm.
The truck is equipped with a generator and a “6ST-90EM” battery with a voltage of 12 V. The electrical system also includes a “ST230-K1” starter. The car is equipped with FG2-A2 headlights with double-filament lamps of varying power. They provide far and near illumination. Sidelights are used for side lights and direction indicators.
The front suspension ZIL-431410 is located on two semi-elliptic springs. The design of the truck provides for the presence of shock absorbers. The rear suspension is of a different type. It is installed on several types of springs (main and additional types).
The machine is equipped with standard disc wheels, which are secured with 8 studs. The car is equipped with an independent braking system, supplemented by a spare system. Some modifications have a forced idle economizer system. At the same time, the ZIL-431410 is equipped with a brake system of various types (foot-operated drum brakes or pads). A special drive ensures the operation of the parking brake, which is of the pneumatic type. There is also a spring energy accumulator. An alcohol fuse is used as additional protection to prevent condensate from freezing.
To reliably connect the vehicle to the trailer, a special fifth wheel device is used, which can significantly increase the load capacity. The gas tank in ZIL-431410 is mounted on the left side. A spare wheel is mounted on a special bracket on the right side member of the frame. Under the platform itself on the left rear there is a tool box.
The design of the car has certain reserves, which makes it possible to use new components and elements.
ZIL-431410 was popular both in the domestic and foreign markets. The car remained the leader of its segment until it was replaced by more modern versions.
Features and operation
The basic modification of two-axle vehicles with a 4X2 wheel arrangement is the onboard tractor ZIL 431410. The all-metal cabin used a single panoramic window, equipped with a washer and two electric windshield wipers. Comfortable driving is ensured by a driver's seat adjustable in three positions and an installed power steering. To transport tools used for routine repairs, a special metal box was installed on the left, in the rear of the car under the platform. There is a socket attached to the frame at the rear of the car for connecting trailer lighting. Unlike previous versions of the vehicle, the ZIL 431410 was equipped with a new, specially designed and more informative instrument panel. One of the features of the car is the use of side sides of the body, consisting of two parts, which is quite convenient for various types of loading and unloading operations.
