Fuel consumption standards for road construction vehicles

The all-wheel drive flatbed truck GAZ 3308 with the working name “Sadko” began to roll off the assembly line of the Gorky Automobile Plant in December 1997. True, the Gorky residents created the prototype of this two and a half ton all-wheel drive 2 years earlier, assembling it under the symbol GAZ-3309P. The car was a logical development of the famous "Shishiga" with its engine located under the cabin (which made the car dangerous for the driver if it was detonated by a mine), and was initially aimed, like the GAZ-66 "Shishiga", at the army. The axles and transmission are the same as on the GAZ-66-40. But the hood version of the cabin was taken from the previously developed Gaz-3309, however, the wings above the wheels are made with enlarged arches, which made it easier to access the shock absorbers and drives during maintenance and repair.

Story

At the end of the 1980s, due to the replacement of the GAZ-66, there were attempts to further unify the production of an existing vehicle. So, in 1990, the GAZ-3301 model appeared, built taking into account the requirements of the military. Also, a distinctive feature of this car was the presence of a diesel engine. However, the collapse of the USSR and the decline in government purchases put an end to the promising vehicle. In view of this, the production of the “shishiga” (GAZ-66) was continued.

However, the development of the new machine continued. Taking into account the relaxed requirements of the military, as well as in view of the practical experience of using a cabin over the engine on the GAZ-66 with all its inherent disadvantages (high danger for the crew in case of a mine explosion, difficulty in accessing the engine, low level of comfort and poor ergonomics in general), and most importantly, due to a sharp reduction in government purchases for the army and the national economy, the plant management returned to the hood layout. The design of the all-wheel drive chassis has maintained continuity.

The first prototype of a new all-wheel drive truck was created by the Gorky Automobile Plant in 1995 under the designation GAZ-3309P. Serial production of the model, which received the industry index GAZ-3308 and its own name “Sadko,” began in December 1997.

In the Russian army, the 2.3-ton GAZ-3308 truck replaced the GAZ-66-40 model with a cab over the engine. The GAZ-3308 uses a modified (different wings with enlarged wheel arches) cabin from the GAZ-3309, as well as drive axles and transmission similar to those used on the GAZ-66-40.

In September 2000, the GAZ-3308 was offered for export to the Ukrainian armed forces[1].

Since 2003, Sadko has been predominantly equipped with the MMZ D-245.7 turbodiesel (since 2005, Euro-2 environmental class, since 2013 - D-245.7E4, Euro-4 environmental class).

In February 2013, the GAZ-33088 “Sadko” version appeared with a Euro-4 class YaMZ-53442 turbodiesel.

In June 2014, GAZ introduced a new version with the unofficial name Sadko-Next with a lifting capacity of 3 tons, along with a new version of the GAZ-3309[2].

In January 2020, the model was discontinued (with the exception of the GAZ-330811-10 Vepr bus, which the plant is ready to produce to order)[3].

GAZ-3308 Sadko - video of off-road driving

The car is equipped with a five-speed synchronized gearbox and transfer case, power steering, and a dual-circuit braking system with a fault warning system for operating circuits. Thanks to the presence of limited-slip cross-axle differentials, the GAZ-3308 “Sadko” can overcome serious obstacles. Radial tires with low rolling resistance improve fuel efficiency. 11.5 liters of diesel fuel are consumed per 100 km at a speed of 60 km/h.

The interior features separate adjustable anatomical seats and a safety instrument panel. The presence of a tachometer allows you to control the moment of gear shifting. Due to the soft upholstery of the doors and interior panels of the cabin, a high level of noise insulation is achieved, and a highly efficient ventilation and heating system allows maintaining an optimal microclimate.

The GAZ-3308 “Sadko” truck is designed for the installation of military equipment and weapons, for transporting people and cargo, as well as for towing various trailer systems. The car is equipped with a modern hood-type cab with a large glass area and conveniently placed control levers. The hood layout of the truck increases the survivability of the vehicle's crew when it hits an infantry mine - the engine serves as a kind of shield for the crew. Ground clearance is 315 mm. The maximum speed of the car is 90 km/h. In August 1997, at the 3rd Russian International Automobile Salon in Moscow, the GAZ-3308 “Sadko-Sport” was presented - a sports version for cross-country racing. The car took first place in the 4x4 group at the truck trial competition.

Options and modifications

Mobile repair workshop based on GAZ-33081 “Eger-II”

• GAZ-3308
  - basic version with a carburetor 130-horsepower ZMZ-5231.10 engine with a displacement of 4.67 liters;

• GAZ-3308 “Eager”
  - a version of the GAZ-3308 with a two-row five-seater cabin extended by 1150 mm, developed by [4];

• GAZ-33081
  - modification with a 117-horsepower MMZ D-245.7 diesel engine with a displacement of 4.75 liters and turbocharging;

• GAZ-33081 “Eger-II”
  - a version of the GAZ-33081 with a two-row five-seater cabin, developed by the Chaika-Service production enterprise[5];

• GAZ-33082
  - early modification[6] with GAZ-562 turbodiesel under license from Steyr;
• GAZ-33085 “Countryman”
  is a 4-ton model with a dual-pitch rear axle tire, which makes maximum use of elements from Sadko.
• GAZ-33086 “Countryman”
  - modification with the MMZ D-245.7 diesel engine, introduced in 2005;
• GAZ-33088
  - modification with a 134.5-horsepower YaMZ-53442 diesel engine with a displacement of 4.43 liters and turbocharging;
• MTP-1
  - technical assistance vehicle on the GAZ-3308 "Sadko" chassis[7];
• auto-dressing unit AP-2 on the GAZ-3308 chassis
  manufactured by PJSC Medoborudovanie [8];
• installation of a mobile disinfection shower DDA-01-“SZMO” on a GAZ-3308 chassis
  manufactured by PJSC “Medical equipment”[9].

Modifications "Sadko"

"Taiga" GAZ-33081

It has a comfortable cabin with a sleeping compartment. It is used mainly in Siberia, in hard-to-reach places in off-road conditions. It can be equipped with all types of equipment that may be required in the repair of power lines, in geological exploration, and in logging.

"Sadko" GAZ-33081-50

An onboard version of the truck, created specifically for the needs of the Russian Ministry of Defense.

"Jager-2" GAZ-3308/33081

In most cases, it is available with a two-row cab. “Eager-2” is most often used as a shift vehicle, and “Eger” with attached special vehicles and equipment (cranes, hoists, electrical kits, drills, fire extinguishing equipment, etc.) The body can be equipped according to the orders of the Federal Penitentiary Service with the “paddy wagon” option, as well as interested organizations order special bodies for transporting explosives or especially dangerous substances.

"Countryman" GAZ-33086

It is equipped with dual rear wheels, which increased the vehicle’s load capacity to 4 tons.

"Vepr" GAZ-33081

A military vehicle with an all-metal body created on the Sadko platform. It has a unique engine in its class, which allows the vehicle to be operated at an altitude of up to 4 and a half kilometers above sea level. The operating temperature range for using the car is from minus 50 to plus 50⁰С.

The main use is in the Ministry of Emergency Situations and law enforcement agencies.

Crew buses on the Sadko chassis

GAZ-33081-1091 and technical support vehicle GAZ-33086 “Countryman” Fire tanker ATs-3.0-40 on GAZ-33086 chassis

• KAvZ-39766
  is an all-terrain bus using the 19-seater body of the KAvZ-3976 small class bus. Modifications: 397660 - with ZMZ-513 carburetor engine; 397663 - with diesel engine MMZ D-245.7. Produced in 2003-2005.
• SemAR-3257
  [10] is a cargo-passenger 12-seater all-terrain bus with a ZMZ-513 carburetor engine and a body from a small-class bus SemAR-3280. Produced by NPP Semar CJSC in 2001-2006.
• The rotation bus on the GAZ-3308 chassis
  is a cargo-passenger “shift vehicle” with a separate angular body on the GAZ-3308 chassis with a standard cab. Produced in 2003-2006. on SemAR. Currently produced at the Auto-Profi plant.
• GAZ-330811-10 “Vepr”
  is a special-purpose vehicle on a shortened Sadko base with an all-metal three- or five-door body[11].

Advantages and disadvantages of the model

"Minuses":

1. Let's start with the shortcomings, one of which (although not critical) is the outdated design of the cabin and all external contours... unless, of course, this indicator is important to the customer.
2. Comfort may be inferior to similar models from the European auto industry.
3. The ergonomics of the seats also leaves much to be desired - during long flights, both the passenger and the driver (if a special seat has not been purchased for him) begin to look for a more comfortable seat.
4. The “weight-carrying capacity-power” ratio is far from ideal.
5. In addition, in the difficult 90s. He relied on small-scale production, with corresponding conveyor capacities - which caused the rise in price of products. And this, in turn, hinders price competitiveness; the car turns out to be unnecessarily expensive.

"Pros":

• The “4x4” wheel arrangement, which ensured excellent cross-country ability, is why the vehicle has a reputation as an all-terrain vehicle. The survivability of the vehicle is associated with its high ground clearance and the system for maintaining tire pressure in a critical situation (for some models).
• Maintainability, as well as the possibility of interchangeability of spare parts from all extensive GAZ modifications of this series.
• Huge operating temperature range. Allowing the machine to operate both in the continental climate of Siberia in winter, and on the southern borders of the country in the conditions of the steppe, semi-deserts and deserts.
• Fuel consumption is average, which makes the car economical. The motor complies with European emission standards.
• Easily overcomes water obstacles with a depth of up to 1 meter.
• With average vehicle dimensions of length 6250 mm, width 2340 mm, height 2570 mm and wheelbase 3770 mm, the turning radius along the axis is 11 meters, that is, less than two lengths. The front wheel track is 1820 mm, and the rear wheel track is 1770.
• Fuel consumption when driving at an average speed of 40 km/h on off-road will be about 13 liters, at 60 km/h – 17 liters per 100 km.

Operating countries

• Russia: adopted by the armed forces[12];
• Syria: the first 114 trucks were ordered and shipped to Syria in 2005[13] and, after passing tests, were adopted by the Syrian armed forces in 2007[14];
• Armenia: a number of GAZ-3308s are used in the Armenian army[15];
• Ukraine: in the summer of 2014, GAZ-3308s began to arrive in territorial defense battalions[16], at the end of December 2020, six GAZ-3308s were transferred to the Slavic Regiment of the National Guard of Ukraine[17];
• Belarus: tested in the Armed Forces in the first half of the 2000s. Adopted by the Border Service of the Republic of Belarus;
• Kazakhstan: used by the National Guard of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
• Philippines: in March 2020, the Philippine National Police received 37 GAZ-3308 trucks.

GAZ 33081: technical characteristics

Diesel is the only type of fuel on which the power plants of this vehicle operate. GAZ-33081 is equipped with two types of engines. This could be the Minsk D-245 or the Yaroslavl YaMZ-534. Both engines are four-cylinder.

The working volume of the D-245 engine is 4.75 liters. Its maximum torque at 2400 rpm is 413 N/m. The maximum power of this unit is 117 horsepower. This is quite enough to accelerate a car loaded with two tons of cargo to a speed of 100 kilometers per hour (on an asphalt highway). But even off-road, this engine is not inactive. If it weren’t for the excellent technical characteristics, the GAZ-33081 “Sadko” would hardly have been as popular as it is now.

As for the Yaroslavl YaMZ-534 unit, which is installed on some versions of the GAZ-33081 car, its technical characteristics are as follows. The total displacement is 4.43 liters, maximum power reaches 135 horsepower. Torque at 2300 rpm – 417 N/m. Due to the greater mass of this engine, the vehicle’s carrying capacity, according to the passport data, is reduced to 1,500 kilograms. But practice shows that even with a three-ton load, the car copes well with dirt roads. The only negative regarding the technical part is the lack of a winch. On the 66th "lawn" it was installed from the factory, but the civilian versions of the "Sadko" have to be upgraded independently.

The developers did not forget about the environment. In terms of exhaust toxicity, both power plants fully comply with the EURO-4 environmental standard. The average fuel consumption is 23 liters per 100 kilometers. This is the real consumption of the GAZ-33081 truck. The technical characteristics of the machine always remain at their best.

Notes

1. GAZ: Off-road extremist Archived copy from July 9, 2020 on the Wayback Machine // “Autocenter. UA" dated September 26, 2000
2. "GAZon NEXT" and "Sadko NEXT" 2020: price, photos, characteristics, video
3. Old GAZONS have dropped out of the range of the Gorky Automobile Plant, Drom.ru
   (May 6, 2020). Retrieved May 6, 2020.
4. Yuri Nechetov. Candidate for paratroopers // magazine “Behind the Wheel”, No. 9, 2001. p.56-57
5. Currently, the trademark “Eger II” in classes 9, 12 and 37 belongs to Avtomaster LLC, which is confirmed by trademark certificate No. 507960. Five seats in two rows // Trucks and Buses magazine, No. 11, 2005
6. How GAZ was tempered // magazine “Behind the Wheel”, No. 12, 2000. pp. 11-13
7. Yuri Petrov. Achievements of special purpose. Review of the Interpolitex-2014 exhibition // Trucks and Buses magazine, No. 1, 2015
8. Svetlana Pesotskaya. “Hospitals on wheels” arrived at the Baltic Fleet // “Rossiyskaya Gazeta” dated October 4, 2013
9. Mobile medical equipment // official website of PJSC "Medical Equipment"
10. D. Dementiev. Semar // Trucks and Buses magazine, No. 8, 2007
11. On the arrow in Nizhny // magazine “Behind the Wheel”, No. 7, 2002. p.62
12. Sergey Kanunnikov, Anton Churkin. We are peaceful people, but... fit for combat // “Behind the Wheel” magazine, No. 10, 2000. pp. 70-72
13. Vadim Udmantsev. With parting words from Rosprom // “Military-Industrial Courier”, No. 32 (99) dated August 31, 2005
14. GAZ-3308 “Sadko” - Russian trucks in Syria turned out to be no worse than tanks
15. Multiple launch rocket system of thermobaric rockets in service with the Armenian army // information agency “Arms of Russia” dated June 14, 2013
16. “ Seven UAZ-3909 vehicles and three GAZ-3308 “Sadko” were transferred to the 12th Kiev battalion and the “Aidar” battalion, which are currently serving in the ATO zone
    » Business has joined the supply of vehicles for the Ukrainian army // “AUTO- Consulting.UA" dated August 5, 2014
17. Military unit 3035 adopted new technology // official website of the National Guard of Ukraine dated January 1, 2016