ZIL-135
- a family of Soviet 4-axle military trucks, including more than twenty different modifications. The ZIL-135 was originally developed as a transport truck for towing artillery at the ZIL Special Design Bureau under the leadership of V. A. Grachev in the early 1960s. Produced from 1963 to 1995. Exported abroad.
Design
The vehicle was equipped with two ZIL-123F engines with a power of 120 hp. each installed behind the cab (the following car models used ZIL-375 engines). Each engine rotated the wheels of its side, which provided additional reliability. Due to the use of low-pressure tires, as well as due to the desire to minimize the weight of the vehicle, the designers decided to abandon the elastic suspension as such; subsequently, on models 135L/LM, to eliminate galloping (longitudinal swaying), which characterized previous vehicles of the 135th family, they decided return the independent torsion bar suspension with hydraulic shock absorbers to the wheels of the outer axles, while maintaining the rigid attachment to the frame of the two middle axles.
The wheels of the outer axles are rotary. Other parameters, including dimensions, load capacity, suspension design, floatability, wheelbase, etc., varied widely from one model to another.
The cabin was made of fiberglass to lighten the machine and increase load capacity.
Features of "Dolphin"
The technical characteristics of the ZIL 135 P “Dolphin” are impressive. The weight of this vehicle is 12.5 tons. At the same time, the carrying capacity is 10 tons. The dimensions of the “Dolphin” are quite large. The length is 14.2 m and the width is 3.3 m. The height of the vehicle is 3.1 m.
"Dolphin" has a displacement load-bearing hull, which was made of polyester fiberglass. Moreover, both internal and external cladding were made from this material. The space between these layers was filled with foam plastic.
The space inside the case is divided into three compartments. They are isolated from each other. The cockpit has space for 4 people. The cargo-passenger compartment can carry 22 paratroopers. The vehicle could also carry cargo. Instead of passengers, it could take on board 10 tons of weight.
Since the body was made of fiberglass, there was no fear of corrosion. The peculiarity of the hull was that if there was a torn hole, water did not flow inside in a continuous stream. Liquid leaked out in streams through the broken, heterogeneous fiberglass. If such a hole appears in a sheet steel housing, water penetrates inside in a strong stream. Water pumping installations practically cannot cope with such a filling rate.
Having considered the features and modifications of such a vehicle as the ZIL 135, you can understand why it is called legendary. This is a special technique that still does not lose its relevance. It is used all over the world.
ZIL 135: photo and description, technical characteristics and features on News4Auto.ru.
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ZIL-135P
| ZIL-135P "Dolphin" | |
| Constructors | Grachev, Vitaly Andreevich |
| Manufacturer | USSR, Likhachev Plant |
| Wheel formula | 8 × 8 / 4 (first and last axes) |
| Weight | 12500 kg |
| Load capacity | 10000 kg |
| Width × Height | 3300×3100 mm |
| Water speed | 18-20 km/h |
ZIL-135P
- floating platform, all-terrain vehicle, amphibious assault vehicle. The design was developed in 1965 on the basis of the ZIL-135.
The all-terrain vehicle was widely used in the Arctic, Baltic and Barents Seas.
Withstands force five storms and can storm thin ice. The front and rear axles are swivel, allowing you to make turns on the spot.
The vehicle passed all tests successfully, but did not enter service with the USSR Armed Forces and was not mass-produced.
Modifications of the ZiS "one and a half hundred"
The first modification of the truck was the two-axle, all-wheel drive SUV ZiS-150P, but this vehicle was experimental and never reached serial production.
The next modification was a car labeled ZiS-151 - it was a three-axle all-wheel drive model, a domestic Studebaker, inferior to the famous “American” only in dynamic characteristics. Later, the very successful ZiS-152 armored personnel carrier was built on its basis.
ZiS-150 - the dump truck was produced by the Mytishchi Mechanical Plant, only it came off the assembly line with the marking ZiS-585. In addition, ZIS experimented by producing vehicles with different carrying capacities, running on liquefied gas and diesel fuel, as well as half-track vehicles. The ZiS-150 base was also used to build special vehicles.
Modifications
In most cases, modified versions of the ZIL 41047 were specialized motorcade vehicles designed to accompany the “top officials.” At the same time, the external similarity of the security and special communications vehicles with the VIP limousine served as a factor that further enhanced its security.
| Modifications | Peculiarities | Years of manufacture | Number of cars |
| ZIL-41041 | An escort vehicle with a 5-seater sedan body with a wheelbase trimmed to 3300 mm. Due to the shorter length (5750 mm) and weight (3.2 t), the dynamic data has increased | 1986-2000 | 26 |
| ZIL-41042 “Black Doctor” | A medical vehicle with a station wagon body. The stern door rose up. Weight - 3.9 tons. It did not have the functions of a resuscitator, limited to transportation for subsequent hospitalization under the supervision of a crew of 3 doctors. | 1986-2000 | 3 |
| ZIL-41049 “Friendship” | Special communications vehicle with “Caucasus” type equipment | 2000 | 2 |
| ZIL-41052 | Modification based on a special armored capsule | 1987-1999 | 14 |
| ZIL-41053 | Option added to the traditional booking method | 1993-1995 | 2 |
| ZIL-4107 | Special communication vehicle with “Disk” type equipment | 1988-1999 | No data |
| ZIL-41071 | Special communications vehicle with “Depesha” type equipment | 1988-1999 | No data |
| ZIL-41072 "Scorpion" | Special purpose mobile security vehicle. It is equipped with wide footrests, long handrails along the edges of the hull and inside it, as well as a large hatch on the roof, allowing all-round firing. The aft cabin window had the ability to quickly open. Equipped with radio-electronic complexes “Perseus” and “Pelena” | 1988-1999 | 8 |
| ZIL-410441 | A car for military parades with a convertible body. Was not accepted by the customer (Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation) | 2009 | 2 |
Peculiarities
Based on the universal chassis of the specified truck, various modifications of special vehicles were produced. Among them:
- Fire trucks.
- Fuel trucks and fuel tankers.
- Oil refillers.
- Tank trucks.
- Airfield tractors with increased weight.
For military laboratories, workshops, radio stations, and headquarters versions, standard universal, sealed bodies were used. They were equipped with special filtration systems that take air masses from outside and supply them to the van, while simultaneously disinfecting the interior.
KUNG from ZIL 131, dimensions and weight:
- length - 4.8 m;
- height - 1.95 m;
- width - 2.2 m;
- weight (dry/curb) - 1.5/1.8 t.
Specifications
Engine
Since, first of all, the car was created with the goal of conquering off-road conditions, the power unit had to be quite powerful.
The carburetor ZIL-5081 was perfect for this, given that it was developed specifically for this machine. Specifications
| Engine | ZIL-5081 |
| Number of cylinders | 8 |
| Cylinder arrangement | V-shaped at an angle of 90° |
| Number of bars | 4 |
| Cylinder diameter | 100 mm |
| Piston stroke | 95 mm |
| Engine capacity | 5.97 l |
| Compression ratio | 6,5 |
| Power in kilowatts | 110,3 |
| Engine horsepower | 150 |
| Maximum torque | 410 Newton meters |
| Maximum speed | 85 km/h |
| Maximum speed in a road train | 75 km/h |
| Cooling type | Liquid |
| Fuel type | Gasoline A-76* |
| Fuel consumption for a car# | 35 liters per 100 km |
| Fuel consumption as part of a road train# | 47 liters per 100 km |
*Higher octane numbers are also suitable.
#The numbers presented are statistical averages.
Transmission
| Clutch type | 24 |
| Gearbox type | 182EM/6ST-132EM |
| Number of steps | |
| Synchronizers | |
| Transfer case type | |
| Transfer case ratio | |
| First stage | 2,08:1 |
| Second stage | 1:1 |
| Final drive type | Double |
| Final drive ratio | 7,339:1 |
| Rear axle drive | Sequential pass |
The clutch disc was equipped with damper springs to soften the transition of gearbox stages.
The main difference from the ZIL-157 was access to only two rear axles; the front axle was activated automatically by a special electro-pneumatic drive. Dimensions
| Car dimensions | |
| Length | 7,040 mm |
| Width | 2,500 mm |
| Height | 2,480 mm |
| Platform dimensions | |
| Length | 3 600 mm |
| Width | 2 322 mm |
| Height | 346 mm |
| Height including awning | 569 mm |
| Loading height | 1 430 mm |
| Wheelbase | 3 350 mm |
| Ground clearance | 330 mm |
| Front track | 1,820 mm |
| Rear wheel track of both axles | 1,820 mm |
| Wheelbase | 6x6 |
| Outer turning radius | 10.2 m |
| Tire size | 12,00-12 |
| Fordable | 1.4 m |
| Climbability | 30o |
| Winch length | 50 m |
| Load capacity | |
| On the highway | 5,000 kg |
| On the ground | 3,500 kg |
| Towable trailer weight | 4,000 kg |
| Weight fully equipped | 10,425 kg |
Electrical system
A significant feature was the development of sealing and insulation. In basic versions, the entire system is shielded and non-contact transistorized, which ensures good performance even in the most difficult climatic conditions.
Accordingly, the screens minimized the presence of interference during ignition, and the sealing ensured the resistance of the contacts from short circuits during fording. The devices were powered by a battery with a total power of 12V and a special generator.
Suspension
The front suspension is dependent, operating on two springs with sliding rear ends. Shock absorbers are also used. As for the rear suspension, it is balanced, on two springs with six bars. The brakes are represented by a system based on drum mechanisms and pneumatic as well as mechanical drive.
