VAZ 2114 starter bulkhead

Recently, some friends gave me the starter, they said take a look, maybe you can do it... I started it just 2 times later. I take the starter, it turns out to be KZATE and also geared. And the reason was that it was slipping, that is, it was turning like a dead Akum. Well, I take it apart and see the date 2012. That is, the starter is only 3 years old. Moreover, all the spare parts inside are like new, I was very surprised. Well, I carried out troubleshooting and found nothing, assembled it, went to test it, the bendix was pulled out, but the starter itself did not turn. I unscrewed the front part and left the electric motor purely, fortunately in the gear starter there are two bushings on the anchor. I connect the electric motor, it turns like crazy. Well, I think the problem is somewhere either in the Bendix or in the retractor. And then it dawned on me to try to turn the front part by hand and try to remove the gears. And what do I see? Oh yes, when I took it apart for the first time, I noticed that the planetary mechanism was almost completely dry, that is, there was no lubrication. And I see that one gear is jammed on the axle... I tried to pry it with a screwdriver to remove it, but in the end it broke off =

And I know that for gear starters, even more so, there are a lot of spare parts from Kzatov. I found the starter gear assembly in the intercom and went and bought it. 605 rub. I read that many people recommend filling the CV joint with grease. The lubricant was given as a gift at the store + I bought brushes and changed them.

The most powerful electrical consumer is the VAZ 2114 starter on the car. The load on the rotor is very large - the electromotive force has to overcome the resistance caused by compression in the engine. And if the starter is in poor technical condition, there is a short circuit in it, the current consumption increases. And the maximum is approximately 600-800 A (when the rotor is jammed).

What usually goes wrong?

On a VAZ 2114 car, you can repair the starter with your own hands in an hour, no more. Provided that all components are replaced with new ones. Most often, starter brushes fail; they rub against the lamellas and wear out. As a result, the rotor does not move when voltage is applied to it. Sometimes even when you turn the ignition key, sparks appear. On new injection cars, which include the VAZ 2114, a gear starter is installed. Its advantage is that its rotor rotates at a higher speed, which makes starting the engine easier.

The principle of the device and its operation

Structurally, the starter 2114 is an electric motor powered by 12 volt direct current (on-board power supply). When the key is turned, its rotor begins to move, after which, with the help of a retractor relay, which brings the Bendix starter into engagement with the crankshaft flywheel, the latter begins to unwind.

After the combustion of the working mixture is initiated during rotation of the crankshaft and the engine starts, the retractor relay will move the bendix to the rear position and the starter will disengage with the flywheel.

Due to the fact that the starter has a fairly high load, its rated power is 1.55 kW.

In this case, the current strength in its circuit can reach:

80 A at idle;
375 A at maximum load;
700 A when in a braked state.

Starter device

As for the internal structure, the starter includes such components as:

stator (fixed winding);
rotor;
bendix;
brushes and their holders;
solenoid relay;
frame.

Also, sliding bushings, of which there are 3, are used as supporting elements for the rotor shaft in the starter. Two of them - front and rear - are pressed inside the body of the device, and the third is located at the point of contact between the bendix and the rotor.

Removing the starter

Be sure to disconnect the battery before starting work. The tools you will need are “10” and “13” wrenches, a screwdriver and pliers. On carburetor cars, for example, VAZ 2109 and the like, dismantling was easier, since there is no air filter housing on top. In the case of a fuel-injected car, you will have to remove the rubber clips using a screwdriver. It is advisable to purchase three new ones in advance, since the older the car, the more likely these clips are to become damaged.

Release the air filter housing and move it to the side so that there is no interference.
Using a key set to “13”, unscrew the nut that secures the positive power wire to the solenoid relay.
Disconnect the power wire of the solenoid relay (thin red).
Using a key set to “13”, unscrew the nuts securing the starter housing to the clutch housing.
Pull the starter towards the left wheel and remove it from the hole.

Replacing the solenoid relay

It is not always necessary to replace the starter; sometimes simply servicing it is enough.

You can replace the solenoid relay without removing it, but then you will have to work a little, as this is quite inconvenient.

You can learn how to replace the relay correctly from the video:

Following the instructions from the article, replacing the starter on a VAZ 2114 with an 8-valve engine will not be so difficult. The starter is one of the most complex mechanisms in a car because it consists of many parts that wear out and fail over time. Although the system is only concerned with starting the car, there are many processes going on inside the case that must work in time and pass enough current to start the engine. It is impossible to monitor the condition of the internal parts, the only thing is that if you notice that the starter turns weakly and sometimes does not work, it is better to immediately remove it and take it for repairs or fix it yourself. This will save money on the subsequent purchase of a completely new element.

Do-it-yourself disassembly and repair

When you remove the starter, you need to disassemble it, otherwise you cannot repair it. To do this you need to follow this algorithm:

Using a key set to “13”, unscrew the nut and release the solenoid relay from the wire.
Using a Phillips or flathead screwdriver, unscrew the bolts that secure the relay.
Use a screwdriver to unscrew the bolts from the back cover.
Using a flathead screwdriver, remove the retaining ring. It is located on the rotor, on its back.
Unscrew the two nuts from the studs with a “10” wrench.
Unscrew the bolts that secure the wires coming from the windings to the brush holder.
Remove the entire starter brush assembly of VAZ 2112, 2114, etc.
Using a drift, remove the pin that secures the Bendix fork.
Remove the rotor, now it and the stator are separate.
There is a retaining ring on the rotor; after removing it, you can replace the bendix.

Please note that the length of the new brushes is about 10 mm.

If in your starter their length is less than 3.5 mm, then they definitely need to be changed. Perform the following manipulations:

Remove the bushing from the brush holder and press a new one in its place.
Clean the rotor lamellas. To do this, you can use a thin knife or screwdriver.
Replace the bendix and fork if necessary.
Inspect the solenoid relay and, if necessary, replace it with a new one.
Use an ohmmeter to test all the windings on the rotor, stator, and retractor. If there is a short circuit, replace the defective part.
Remove the brushes from the brush holder. After installing the new ones, check how easily they move. There should be no jamming, as in this case the contact may be lost.

However, that’s all that can be said about the renovation. If you are planning a major overhaul of the VAZ 2114 starter, then follow the instructions above. There is nothing complicated, everything is doable, but you have to be careful.

But you need to calculate whether the game is worth the candle. If the price of a new starter is approximately 3,000 rubles, and you need, for example, to change the stator or rotor (expensive elements), and along with them a bunch of parts, then wouldn’t it be easier to replace it entirely? Save your time. But if you have a lot of it, then you can easily do the repairs yourself, a pretty penny will remain with you.

Further in the article we will talk about how to independently diagnose and repair the VAZ 2114 starter .

A faulty starter is characterized by the following indicators:

A sharp drop in power due to insufficient starter rotation. You will probably have to repair the starter and replace the relay.
Voltage surges occur.
Idle rotation of the starter (without engine rotation). The retractor starter will need to be repaired.
Starter disconnection is delayed.
The starter does not operate when the ignition key is turned. This symptom is the result of damage to the bendix; to restore operation, it will need to be replaced.
The starter turns, but the engine does not start.

Diagnostics and causes of malfunctions

Ideally, the unit should quickly spin the engine flywheel after turning the key in the ignition. If the starter does not turn or fires but does not turn, and the engine does not start, and the familiar indicator lights up on the dashboard, this indicates that the device is not working.

What could be the reasons for the mechanism to break down if the relay cannot operate and the armature does not rotate:

The problem may be oxidation of the contacts on the battery or the unit itself; to solve it, the contacts must be cleaned.
A dead battery will cause the previously triggered unit to refuse to function. In this case, first of all, you need to check the battery charge with your own hands.
If there is an exclamation mark on the dashboard and the car engine cannot start, the reason may be a short circuit between the turns of the retractor winding. If this is indeed the case, then the only solution may be to replace the mechanism.
Quite often, car owners are faced with the problem of broken wiring in the unit, in particular in the area leading to the traction relay. First of all, you need to check the contact between the two plugs - the ignition switch, as well as the electric motor itself.
There is no short circuit between the two plugs - only now we are talking about the elements of the contact part numbered 30 and 50.
Problems with the armature; this component may jam. You can check the possibility of its rotation without any problems with your own hands.

Starter brush assembly
If the solenoid relay is working, but the assembly turns weakly or does not turn at all, this may be due to:

The battery charge is too low or the lead contacts are oxidized. The battery discharge lamp may not light up on the dashboard if the unit receives a weak impulse that is not able to spin the armature. Therefore, even if there is no indicator on the control panel, the battery charge is still worth checking. In addition, in your car you should always monitor the absence of oxidation on the electrical circuit contacts, and if you clean them, it is advisable to lubricate the contacts.
Poor connection of contacts on the battery, the mechanism itself or the solenoid relay. If the contacts are not oxidized, in any case it is necessary to diagnose whether the contact screws are tightened well, since weak connections will still form a poor contact. It should be noted that poorly tightened contacts can cause a short circuit, as well as burning of the wiring.
Another reason could be worn brushes or burnt commutator. All elements that have failed must be replaced with new ones.
Sometimes a malfunction occurs as a result of an armature short circuit, in particular, we are talking about the winding.
When you turn the key, the VAZ 2114 engine will not start and the battery is normally charged, the reason may be the relay winding. In particular, a short circuit or break could occur in the holding winding. Only replacing the relay will solve the problem.

The unit works, the armature rotates, but the engine flywheel does not rotate:

Bendix slipping occurs, the fault can be identified by diagnostics on the bench;
the reason may lie in the inoperability of the gears of the gear mechanism, in which case the latter requires replacement.

The motor has started, but the unit continues to turn, and a grinding or other uncharacteristic noise or vibration is possible:

if vibration is present, it is necessary to diagnose the device fixation;
the reason may be incorrect installation of the mechanism, perhaps it is installed skewed;
the problem may be a cracked lid, which needs to be changed as soon as possible;
The grinding noise can sometimes be caused by the destruction of the gear teeth of one of the elements - the flywheel crown, gear unit or drive;
extraneous noise may appear due to wear of bearing shells installed on the so-called armature or on the mechanism drive;
Bendix failure.

When the engine does not start, but you urgently need to go somewhere, you can try to start it by closing the starter in a direct circuit. How to directly close the starter yourself - look at the video (the author of the video is Sergey Tsapyuk).

Algorithm for repairing a VAZ 2114 starter

Disconnect the negative terminal from the battery.
Using a “13” key, remove the 2 upper mounting screws connecting it to the clutch housing. Usually there is no third bolt, but if there is one, you will need an inspection hole to remove it.
Moving the starter forward, remove wiring No. 1 from the connector on the starting relay.

Using a “13” wrench, remove the fastening nut of the wire, which is the connector of the starter traction relay output to the “+” terminal of the battery.

Assess the condition of the flywheel teeth.
Use a Phillips screwdriver to remove the 2 starter cover mounting screws.

Unscrew the nut that secures the output of the starter winding to the solenoid relay. Use the key to “13”.

Remove the washer-bracket.

Typical faults

The following signs will indicate an unfavorable condition of the device:

The engine does not start, although the starter rotates - clicks may be heard;
the starter does not react in any way to turning the ignition key - smoke and the smell of burnt windings may come from under the hood;
the starter continues to spin after starting the internal combustion engine - there is no disconnection of the bendix from the flywheel;
The engine starts only after repeated repetitions, while the starter hums.

What might these symptoms indicate? First of all, about wear of the commutator or loose contact of the brushes to it. This may also indicate a lack of mass on the solenoid relay or its breakdown.

One of the common, typical malfunctions of a gear starter is gear jamming due to lack of oil. This happens after about 2-3 years of using the starter. A characteristic sign is that the starter rotates sluggishly, but a check shows normal engine speed. It is better to lubricate the gears with a metal-clad compound for CV joints. It is recommended to fill the lubricant to the limit, and remove what is squeezed out after rotating by hand.

Article on the topic: How to determine that a valve in a car engine has burned out: signs and symptoms

Experts identify several main starter malfunctions based on symptoms:

if it doesn’t turn at all, the winding is shorted or the armature is stuck; oxidation of the battery contacts is no exception;
if it turns, but sluggishly, the armature winding is broken or it shorts out, the brushes are worn out;
rotation is normal, but there is no transmission of speed to the crankshaft - a characteristic sign of a malfunction of the overrunning clutch;
After starting the engine, the starter does not turn off - the solenoid relay is stuck or the spring on the clutch is broken.

Also check out

Using a 10mm wrench, unscrew and remove 2 long coupling bolts.

Check the condition of the bushings.

To separate the starter housing, strike the lower part of the housing several times. To do this, you can use a rubber or wooden hammer. Assess the condition of the brushes.

Use a screwdriver to remove the Bendix ears from the fork.

Insert the key, knock down the locking ring by hitting it with a hammer.

Pry off the second retaining ring with a screwdriver.

Remove the bendix.

Worth checking out:

Take a new bendix (overrunning clutch) and install it in place. Clean and lubricate parts as necessary. Perform assembly. After this, the repair of the VAZ 2114 starter can be considered complete. All that remains is to put the starter in place, connect the battery, and start the engine.

Which starter should you choose?

When choosing a new spare part, most car owners give preference to the geared version. Its advantages are that it is smaller in size, turns the engine faster even with a dead battery, and works better in winter.

Of the gearbox options, everyone prefers the following companies:

KZATE — 3600 rubles
Eldix — 4500 rubles
PRAMO – 4400 rubles

Try not to save money when buying a new part. As mentioned earlier, the item from the factory is considered the weak link of the car. If you buy a cheap Chinese analogue, you can return to removing the starter on a VAZ 2114 at the most inopportune moment. Read the reviews in stores in your region, this will help you identify quality brands and not fall for a fake, which will also save time and money.

Useful : VAZ 2114 starter connection diagram

Price issue

Before you buy a new starter because the old one isn't working, make sure it actually does.

If the test shows that the device, although it clicks, still does not turn, you will have to buy a new one. Estimated prices for a starter now range from 2.8 to 4.5 thousand rubles. Plus, you will additionally have to spend up to 1000 rubles on the services of specialists from a car service center. Unless, of course, you want to do everything yourself.