Self-propelled gun PzH 2000 - German self-propelled gun 155 mm caliber

This term has other meanings, see T92.

240 mm self-propelled howitzer T92

(eng.
240 mm Howitzer Motor Carriage T92
), developed in the USA in 1945.

With the adoption of the T26E3 medium tank in January 1945, a proposal arose to create a series of modern armored vehicles based on a single chassis and a set of T26EZ components and assemblies. The M1918 towed 240 mm howitzer was not considered particularly successful due to the difficulties in moving such a massive gun over terrain, and experience with placing a 155 mm gun on an M3/M4 series chassis indicated the possibility of installing a 240 mm howitzer on a chassis based on medium tank T26EZ. The same self-propelled gun could be used to accommodate an 8-inch (203 mm) gun. The self-propelled gun with a 240-mm howitzer was designated the T92 self-propelled howitzer, and the same chassis with an 8-inch gun was designated the T93 self-propelled gun. Other vehicles in the series were to be the T26EZ heavy tank, the T26E5 assault tank, the T84 8-inch self-propelled howitzer, the T31 transporter and (later) the T26E2 (M45). The development of the T92 was approved in March 1945 and an order was immediately issued for four prototypes to Chrysler (Detroit Arsenal), a total of five T92s were built.

The first of these vehicles was built in early July 1945 and, after initial testing at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, was sent to Fort Bragg for testing by the Ordnance Committee. The T93 was ordered at the same time, and two of the four prototype T93 vehicles were delivered by September 1945, when all orders were suspended due to the end of the war with Japan. The Detroit Arsenal built only five T92 self-propelled guns (including an experimental one) and two T93. Tests showed that these heavy self-propelled guns would be ideal for destroying enemy bunkers and deep shelters in battles with the Japanese in the Pacific Islands. While the Japanese were still resisting, the T92 and T93 self-propelled guns were preparing for the invasion of Japan to participate in Operation Downfall, which involved landing on the Japanese islands. However, after the surrender of Japan on August 14, 1945, they were not sent to the Pacific Theater of Operations. Shots with concrete-piercing shells were developed especially for the T92 and T93. The only relative disadvantage could be considered the meager transportable ammunition - only 6 shells. The rest were busy on the M30 or T31 transporter.

To install such large-caliber guns, it was necessary to lengthen the T26E3 chassis and add one road wheel on each side. The chassis was reconfigured, moving the drive wheel forward, and a coulter was installed in the rear. Work on the T92/93 self-propelled guns was interrupted after the end of the war.

Links

• · M3 "Lee"/"Grant" · M4 "Sherman" · · MTLS-1G14* · T20

  [/td]

  Medium tanks
  Heavy tanks	T14 Mormon -Herrington T15 T29 T30 T32 T34 M26 Pershing (T26E4 Super Pershing )

  Self-propelled howitzers T18 T19 T30 T41 M7 Priest M12 T82 M37 M40 M41 M43 T84 / T93 T94 Self-propelled mortars M21 T21 RZSO T34 ZSU M13/M14 M15 M16/M17 T10 M19 T77
  See also: Armored vehicles · Tank aces * - produced only for export; Promising, experimental, or samples that did not go into mass production are highlighted in italics

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Project evaluation

Comparison with similar self-propelled guns on a wheeled chassis

Footnotes

1. “Extended Range” version with a charging chamber with a volume of 25 liters
2. V-LAP (Velocity-enhanced Long-Range Artillery Projectile) - an active-propellant projectile with improved aerodynamic characteristics
3. firing range of the XM982 Excalibur guided projectile

Advantages

Flaws

General conclusion

An excerpt characterizing the T92 (self-propelled guns)

Prince Nikolai Andreich winced and said nothing. Two weeks after receiving the letter, in the evening, Prince Vasily’s people arrived ahead, and the next day he and his son arrived. Old Bolkonsky always had a low opinion of the character of Prince Vasily, and even more so recently, when Prince Vasily, during the new reigns under Paul and Alexander, went far in rank and honor. Now, from the hints of the letter and the little princess, he understood what was the matter, and the low opinion of Prince Vasily turned in the soul of Prince Nikolai Andreich into a feeling of malevolent contempt. He constantly snorted when talking about him. On the day Prince Vasily arrived, Prince Nikolai Andreich was especially dissatisfied and out of sorts. Was it because he was out of sorts that Prince Vasily was coming, or because he was especially dissatisfied with the arrival of Prince Vasily because he was out of sorts; but he was not in a good mood, and Tikhon in the morning advised against the architect coming in with a report to the prince. “Can you hear how he walks,” said Tikhon, drawing the architect’s attention to the sounds of the prince’s steps. - He steps on his entire heel - we already know... However, as usual, at 9 o’clock the prince went out for a walk in his velvet fur coat with a sable collar and the same hat. It snowed the day before. The path along which Prince Nikolai Andreich walked to the greenhouse was cleared, traces of a broom were visible in the scattered snow, and a shovel was stuck into the loose mound of snow that ran on both sides of the path. The prince walked through the greenhouses, through the courtyards and buildings, frowning and silent. - Is it possible to ride in a sleigh? - he asked the venerable man who accompanied him to the house, similar in face and manners to the owner and manager. - The snow is deep, your Excellency. I already ordered it to be scattered according to the plan. The prince bowed his head and walked up to the porch. “Thank you, Lord,” thought the manager, “a cloud has passed!” “It was difficult to get through, your Excellency,” added the manager. – How did you hear, your Excellency, that the minister will come to your Excellency? The prince turned to the manager and stared at him with frowning eyes. - What? Minister? Which minister? Who ordered? – he spoke in his shrill, harsh voice. “They didn’t clear it for the princess, my daughter, but for the minister!” I have no ministers! - Your Excellency, I thought... - You thought! - the prince shouted, pronouncing the words more and more hastily and incoherently. – You thought... Robbers! scoundrels! “I will teach you to believe,” and, raising a stick, he swung it at Alpatych and would have hit him if the manager had not involuntarily deviated from the blow. - I thought so! Scoundrels! – he shouted hastily. But, despite the fact that Alpatych, himself frightened by his audacity to dodge the blow, approached the prince, obediently lowering his bald head in front of him, or maybe that’s why the prince continued to shout: “scoundrels! throw up the road! He didn’t pick up his stick another time and ran into the rooms. Before dinner, the princess and M lle Bourienne, who knew that the prince was out of sorts, stood waiting for him: M lle Bourienne with a beaming face that said: “I don’t know anything, I’m the same as always,” and Princess Marya - pale, frightened, with downcast eyes. The hardest thing for Princess Marya was that she knew that in these cases she had to act like m lle Bourime, but she could not do it. It seemed to her: “If I act as if I don’t notice, he will think that I have no sympathy for him; I’ll make it look like I’m boring and out of sorts, he’ll say (as it happened) that I’m hanging my nose,” etc. The prince looked at his daughter’s frightened face and snorted. “Dr... or stupid!...” he said. “And that one is gone! They were already gossiping about her too,” he thought about the little princess, who was not in the dining room. -Where is the princess? - he asked. “Hiding?...” “She’s not entirely healthy,” said Mlle Bourienne, smiling cheerfully, “she won’t come out.” This is so understandable in her situation. - Hm! hmm! ugh! ugh! - said the prince and sat down at the table. The plate did not seem clean to him; he pointed to the spot and threw it. Tikhon picked it up and handed it to the barman. The little princess was not unwell; but she was so insurmountably afraid of the prince that, having heard how out of sorts he was, she decided not to go out. “I’m afraid for the child,” she said to m lle Bourienne, “God knows what can happen from fright.” In general, the little princess lived in Bald Mountains constantly under a feeling of fear and antipathy towards the old prince, which she was not aware of, because fear was so dominant that she could not feel it. There was also antipathy on the part of the prince, but it was drowned out by contempt. The princess, having settled down in the Bald Mountains, especially fell in love with m lle Bourienne, spent her days with her, asked her to spend the night with her, and often talked to her about her father-in-law and judged him. “Il nous arrive du monde, mon prince, [Guests are coming to us, prince.],” said M lle Bourienne, unfolding a white napkin with her pink hands. – Son excellence le prince Kouraguine avec son fils, a ce que j'ai entendu dire? [His Excellency Prince Kuragin with his son, how much did I hear?] - she said questioningly.

Characteristics

High efficiency is achieved thanks to various characteristics:

• The main weapon is a 155-mm howitzer gun with a 52-caliber barrel length, a 23-liter powder chamber and a double muzzle brake. The powder chamber is designed with the principle of self-loading and is connected to a rotating primer carrier. It is possible to use modular charges in accordance with the military requirements of Western European countries.
• The maximum firing range of 41 km is achieved using ERFB-BB
  .
• The speed of movement on the highway reaches 80-100 km/h, on rough terrain - 15-25 km/h. It is possible to overcome water barriers and small obstacles.
• High tactical mobility allows you to quickly take a firing position.
• With a mass of 28 tons, the self-propelled gun is transportable by Il-76 aircraft, rail and sea transport.
• The hydraulic system for recoil reduction consists of overlapping quadrangular hydraulic mounts with built-in shock absorbers, operated by a control panel located on board. The transfer from traveling to combat position occurs in one and a half minutes.
• The automatic loading system allows you to speed up the rate of fire and reduces the physical load of the crew: six grenades per minute or three conventional shells in 20 seconds. 12 slots for shells are located on each side. There is also a container with 24 additional ammunition at the rear.
• The control system is created on the basis of modern information technologies and specially developed software. This makes it possible to constantly maintain contact with other units, exchange information and reduce the time required to complete combat missions to a minimum.
• The elevation angle is from −3° to +51° with a maximum speed of 20 mm/sec, and the horizontal rotation angle is 60° at a speed of 100 mm/sec. The movement of the implement is achieved using an electro-hydraulic system.
• The crew consists of 4-5 people, although previously the crew was 10 people (then the landing places were replaced by an ammunition compartment).

The high performance characteristics of the howitzer allow it to be used in small quantities to significantly increase the firepower of artillery at a relatively low production cost. There are several main advantages of this self-propelled howitzer:

• high mobility and the ability to independently move from one side of the battlefield to the other
• high initial projectile speed
• the possibility of continuous communication and exchange of information about targets, the state of weapons and equipment, as well as receiving information from friendly troops
• fast recharge
• high rate of fire and fire density

Currently, many armored vehicles are equipped with electronic devices that significantly increase their efficiency. The Nora B-52 howitzer is equipped with the main equipment from the Network-Centric Warfare system, which is used primarily by the US Army and involves the inclusion of all ground, sea and air military units in the battle. First of all, it includes numerous sensors and radars that allow the detection of friendly troops and simulate the combat situation, speeding up communications and increasing dynamic performance.

In service

• USA - withdrawn from service and converted to M1110A2 by 1981[10]
• Great Britain - 36 self-propelled guns[11], withdrawn from service[12]
• Vietnam - some, as of 2010[13]
• South Vietnam - 174 self-propelled guns, the remaining ones captured by North Vietnam by the end of the war[11]
• Greece - 12 self-propelled guns[11], withdrawn from service[14]
• Germany - 150 self-propelled guns[11], withdrawn from service[15]
• Israel - 150, possibly up to 230 self-propelled guns[11], of which, as of 2010, 36 remain[16]
• Iran - 40 self-propelled guns[11], of which 30 remain as of 2010[17]
• Spain - 12 self-propelled guns[11], withdrawn from service[18]
• Italy - 18 self-propelled guns[11], withdrawn from service[19]
• Republic of Korea - 50, possibly up to 100 self-propelled guns[11], of which, as of 2010, a number remain in service[20]
• Netherlands - 24 self-propelled guns[11], withdrawn from service[21]
• Turkey - 36 self-propelled guns[11], as of 2010, all remain in service[22]

Notes

1. [www.vs.rs/index.php?content=afa87448-0320-102c-8859-e480d5acdc4a Top howitzer 152 mm M84 NORA A] (Serb.)
2. [www.scribd.com/doc/25851850/y-Report-Br28 UGOImPORt-SDPR broj 28, Decembar 2009] (Serbian)
3. [www.tecnacorp.com/pdfs/LS_ArtillerySysG6.pdf Detailed G6 Specifications]
4. [www.kotadef.sk/en/rd/weapons-systems/howitzers/155-mm-spgh-zuzana-2/ 155 mm SpGH ZUZANA 2]
5. [www.nexter-group.fr/en/component/k2/item/349-caesar%C2%AE CAESAR self-propelled guns on the manufacturer’s website]
6. [www.baesystems.com/ProductsServices/l_and_a_bof_fh77_bwl_52_Arch.html FH77 BW L52 - Archer]
7. [www.army-technology.com/projects/atmos/ Atmos 2000 155mm Self-Propelled Artillery System, Israel]
8. [www.odbrana.mod.gov.rs/odbrana002/63-65.pdf Description of the Nora B-52 self-propelled gun in Serbian]
9. [www.politika.rs/rubrike/Drustvo/Srpski-roboti-idu-u-rat.lt.html Srpski roboti I go to rat] (Serb.)
10. [articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Armour-and-Artillery/Yugoimport-NORA-B-52-155-mm-52-caliber-self-propelled-gun-Serbia.html Yugoimport NORA B-52 155 mm/ 52-caliber self-propelled gun (Serbia)] (English)

Content

• 1 History of creation and production
• 2 Construction 2.1 Armored hull and turret
• 2.2 Armament 2.2.1 Main armament
• 2.2.2 Ammunition and ballistics
• 2.2.3 Additional weapons